伤寒沙门菌与甲、乙、丙副伤寒沙门菌质控血清的制备

应用免疫学原理,将伤寒沙门菌O901、H901和甲、乙、丙型副伤寒沙门菌分别制成全菌体抗原,免疫实验兔获取免疫血清。依据伤寒沙门菌和副伤寒沙门菌的抗原成分的异同性,选择适当的吸收菌除去免疫血清中的交叉反应抗体和类属凝集素,而保留其特异性的抗体。通过对诊断菌液的验证试验,证实吸收充分的免疫血清具有质控血清的特性。具备可靠性能的质控血清,适用于伤寒沙门菌与副伤寒沙门菌的菌种检定及其效价检测;亦有利于肥达氏诊断菌液的质量控制。     

模拟胃酸条件下的幽门螺杆菌CAT特异性抗体活性研究

幽门螺杆菌是常见的感染性病原菌,人类多种疾病发生与此菌感染有关。预防和治疗菌体感染及引发的相关疾病仍是现代医学面临的课题。实验利用原核表达的幽门螺杆菌过氧化氢酶(1~380 aa)免疫家兔,获得效价为1∶6 000的特异性抗血清,经硫酸铵沉淀法得到初步纯化的抗体。在体外模拟胃酸环境下(pH3.4)将抗体进行水解。SDS-PAGE结果显示,抗体的重链能被水解。水解后的抗体产物经ELISA方法检测,仍然具有与抗原特异性结合的能力。实验结论证实,在体外环境下特异性幽门螺杆菌抗体保护作用不会被胃蛋白酶的水解而破坏,提示口服特异性抗体预防和治疗幽门螺杆菌感染可能是一条可行的途径。     

Influence of Chlorella powder intake during swimming stress in mice

We used the forced swimming test to investigate the influence of Chlorella powder intake during muscle stress training in mice. After day 14, swimming time was about 2-fold longer for Chlorella intake mice than for control swimming mice. Microarray analysis revealed that the global gene expression profile of muscle from the Chlorella intake mice was similar to that of muscle from the intact (non-swimming) mice, and the profile of these two groups differed from that of the control (swimming) mice. Gene ontology and pathway analyses of gene expression data showed that oxidoreductase activity and the leukotriene synthesis pathway were repressed in the Chlorella intake mice following the swimming test. In addition, measurements of free fatty acids, glucose, triglycerides, and lactic acid in the blood of Chlorella intake mice were higher than that of control mice. These findings suggest that metabolism in tissues is altered by Chlorella intake.     

人狂犬病免疫球蛋白使用效果观察

为了解人狂犬病免疫球蛋白的作用效果,我们将观察对象随机分成了A、B、C三组,分别采用三种措施进行狂犬病的预防治疗,即：A组联合使用狂犬病疫苗与人狂犬病免疫球蛋白;B组联合使用狂犬病疫苗与抗狂犬病血清(马源);C组仅注射狂犬病疫苗,并采用小鼠中和试验对这三组成员在免疫后3、7、14、45天及1年时的中和抗体水平进行检测。结果表明：狂犬病疫苗与人狂犬病免疫球蛋白或抗狂犬病血清联合使用,可使体内更早出现抗狂犬病的中和抗体。注射人狂犬病免疫球蛋白后未发生临床副反应。     

Comparison of immune responses against FMD by a DNA vaccine encoding the FMDV/O/IRN/2007 VP1 gene and the conventional inactivated vaccine in an animal model

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is highly contagious and responsible for huge outbreaks among cloven hoofed animals. The aim of the present study is to evaluate a plasmid DNA immunization system that expresses the FMDV/O/IRN/2007 VP1 gene and compare it with the conventional inactivated vaccine in an animal model. The VP1 gene was sub-cloned into the unique Kpn I and BamH I cloning sites of the pcDNA3.1+ and pEGFP-N1 vectors to construct the VP₁ gene cassettes. The transfected BHKT7 cells with sub-cloned pEGFP-N1-VP1 vector expressed GFP-VP1 fusion protein and displayed more green fluorescence spots than the transfected BHKT7 cells with pEGFP-N1 vector, which solely expressed the GFP protein. Six mice groups were respectively immunized by the sub-cloned pcDNA3.1⁺-VP1 gene cassette as the DNA vaccine, DNA vaccine and PCMV-SPORT-GMCSF vector (as molecular adjuvant) together, conventional vaccine, PBS (as negative control), pcDNA3.1⁺ vector (as control group) and PCMV-SPORT vector that contained the GMCSF gene (as control group). Significant neutralizing antibody responses were induced in the mice which were immunized using plasmid vectors expressing the VP1 and GMCSF genes together, the DNA vaccine alone and the conventional inactivated vaccine (P<0.05). Co-administration of DNA vaccine and GMCSF gene improved neutralizing antibody response in comparison with administration of the DNA vaccine alone, but this response was the most for the conventional vaccine group. However, induction of humeral immunity response in the conventional vaccine group was more protective than for the DNA vaccine, but T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ concentration were the most in DNA vaccine with the GMCSF gene. Therefore the group that was vaccinated by DNA vaccine with the GMCSF gene, showed protective neutralizing antibody response and the most Th1 cellular immunity.     

TRPM channels as potential therapeutic targets against pro-inflammatory diseases

The immune system protects our body against foreign pathogens. However, if it overshoots or turns against itself, pro-inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, or diabetes develop. Ions, the most basic signaling molecules, shape intracellular signaling cascades resulting in immune cell activation and subsequent immune responses. Mutations in ion channels required for calcium signaling result in human immunodeficiencies and highlight those ion channels as valued targets for therapies against pro-inflammatory diseases. Signaling pathways regulated by melastatin-like transient receptor potential (TRPM) cation channels also play crucial roles in calcium signaling and leukocyte physiology, affecting phagocytosis, degranulation, chemokine and cytokine expression, chemotaxis and invasion, as well as lymphocyte development and proliferation. Therefore, this review discusses their regulation, possible interactions and whether they can be exploited as targets for therapeutic approaches to pro-inflammatory diseases.     

CRISPR/Cas系统的研究进展及其在畜禽遗传改良中的应用前景

广泛存在于细菌和古细菌中的CRISPR/Cas系统是通过介导外源DNA降解来实现抵抗病毒和外源DNA入侵的一种适应性免疫保护机制,也是新近发展起来的基因组定点编辑技术。从基本结构、作用机制、分类、运用等方面详细地介绍了CRISPR/Cas系统,并分析了该技术在畜禽遗传改良中的运用前景。     

细胞药物的临床应用——细胞药物连载之五

近年来,细胞药物在基础研究领域的成果促进了临床应用。现在细胞药物治疗的疾病种类很多,包括神经系统疾病、自身免疫系统疾病、心血管系统疾病、血液系统疾病、消化系统疾病、下肢缺血、整形美容、抗衰老及抗肿瘤等,涉及的细胞主要有各种干细胞、软骨细胞、肝细胞、DC及CIK细胞等。国内外越来越多的机构和组织开展了细胞治疗的临床研究及应用。     

Perspectives on immune checkpoint ligands: expression,regulation, and clinical implications

In the tumor microenvironment, immune checkpoint ligands (ICLs) must be expressed in order to trigger the inhibitory signal via immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs). Although ICL expression frequently occurs in a manner intrinsic to tumor cells, extrinsic factors derived from the tumor microenvironment can fine-tune ICL expression by tumor cells or prompt non-tumor cells, including immune cells. Considering the extensive interaction between T cells and other immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, ICL expression on immune cells can be as significant as that of ICLs on tumor cells in promoting anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we introduce various regulators known to induce or suppress ICL expression in either tumor cells or immune cells, and concise mechanisms relevant to their induction. Finally, we focus on the clinical significance of understanding the mechanisms of ICLs for an optimized immunotherapy for individual cancer patients.